Dr. Hossam Badrawi Official Website
Time and man
An attempt to facilitate understanding Hossam Badrawi

When we were young, we learned and understood units of measurement and entered our minds and shaped our view of distances and time. The kilometer, the meter, the centimeter, and the millimeter are what our minds can comprehend. Likewise in weights, tons, kilograms, grams, and so on. As for time, our measurement was the hour, minute and second.
And if you asked any person about the length of the year, he would have told you without hesitation that it is 365 days, except that by investigating the accuracy, the solar year is calculated by the number of its days through the earth’s rotation around the sun, so one cycle means the completion of a solar year and it takes exactly 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds… …… which is equivalent to 365.2435 days.
What did astronomers do with the 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds, which will keep piling up year after year?
They invented the leap year as a solution to the problem of the time compatibility between the Gregorian calendar and the astronomical cycle of the earth around the sun, by adding a full 24-hour day to the month of February every 4 years, but this was not ideal, as the calendar year will continue to exceed the solar year by 11 minutes and 14 seconds.
The accumulation of these minutes and seconds results in a new additional day every 131 calendar years, and this entails canceling the leap year once every 400 years, which helps reduce the time difference that occurs by half a minute in favor of the calendar year, which means that the year
After 3300 years, the solar system will lag behind the calendar year by one full day.
And had humanity not restricted itself to accurate calculation (despite the unscientific interventions of politics and the church) and to leap years about 750 years ago, the Gregorian calendar would have stopped matching the seasons in the end and the system that controls human life on earth would have been disturbed, so winter would come in the summer and spring months. In the winter months, etc.
On the other hand, the lunar year is defined as the period needed by the moon to complete twelve complete revolutions around the earth, each cycle being a lunar month, and the lunar year with accuracy of calculation
. 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, and 34 seconds
That is, there is a difference between the solar year and the lunar year of ten days, 16 hours, and 12 seconds, and the same thing that scientists did with the solar year they did with the lunar year so that the year and its days are set using astronomy and accurate calculations, but our Arab ancestors after the death of the Messenger refused to make events The arithmetic adjustments required in it, which made it inconsistent with the movement of the seasons, so the month of Rabi’ became, for example, whose date is spring, as its name says, it comes once in the winter and once in the summer, and the dates of the month of Ramadan and the dates of Hajj and other seasons were misaligned.
Without contemplation, the lunar months became dysfunctional, and the Hijri calendar became in which religious rituals do not coincide with the reality of their time cycle, and its benefit to human life has ceased.
Accuracy in arithmetic, and science has moved from years, months, and days, to hours, minutes, and seconds, and now humanity is moving to fractions of seconds in a world that is smaller than an atom and its components, and facts beyond imagination were discovered, but they were not brought closer to the human mind with the same simplicity of measures that humans understood through Date.
Einstein discovered the relationship of speed with volume and simply said that time is relative and not fixed, and that matter
Its size decreases as its speed increases, and if the body moves at the speed of light, its quantum existence ceases.
And I return to measuring the time that I started at the level of the movement of the earth, the sun and the planets, and I enter into the world of quantum and the movement of particles within the atom. We all know the second, but most of us do not understand a unit of time less than it!! Man knew all of this, beginning through his imagination, then his theories, then scientific proof of it and supported by what he invented of tools that monitor the movement of planets and stars, so he understood the rules of physics, and others that monitor the invisible subatomic matter, which is what is called quantum physics .. So it is necessary to verify the existence of things , then observe its movement, and then use units of time
To measure its speed relative to each other, to reach scientific results that had not occurred to humans before.
Here we understand the importance of the research work done by Dr. Zewail more than twenty years ago and won the Nobel Prize for it. Through it, he was able to photograph the interactions of material particles inside the atom and measure the speed of its movement, to prove the truth of what was a fantasy. In order to bring the matter closer to mind, as I read, let us imagine that we want to photograph a car that is not moving or moving slowly, so we need a regular camera that opens and closes its lens to take the picture, and because the car does not move or its movement is very slow, slower than the speed of opening and closing the lens
The camera while taking the picture, so its image appears.
But if what is required is to photograph a mouse running fast and not a static car, then here the camera must have two things: First, it must zoom in order to be able to photograph the mouse in its small size, and the speed of capturing the image must be faster than the speed of the mouse while it is running.
Easy and logical.
Zewail and his team invented a camera that can zoom in order to be able to photograph particles that do not occupy from the vacuum only one part of a billionth of a meter, or what is equal to a part of a millionth of a millimeter, which is what has become called a nanometer.
Rather, nanometers are divided into picometers, which is a thousand times smaller than nanometers.
Close your eyes, and let your imagination run wild!! ……
This particle that is photographed is moving inside the atom, so the camera lens, in order to capture it, must open and close at the speed of movement of what is being photographed. A femtosecond is a unit of time representing a million billion (quadrillion) part of a second, and the ratio between a second and a femtosecond is like the ratio between a second and 32 million years.
Now another Egyptian scientist also came (also at an American university), and another team of researchers came down to zoom the camera 1000 times closer than the zoom.
Zewail camera and thus was able to see the electron inside the atom, and because the electron moves at the speed of light approx
An attempt to facilitate understanding Hossam Badrawi

When we were young, we learned and understood units of measurement and entered our minds and shaped our view of distances and time. The kilometer, the meter, the centimeter, and the millimeter are what our minds can comprehend. Likewise in weights, tons, kilograms, grams, and so on. As for time, our measurement was the hour, minute and second.
And if you asked any person about the length of the year, he would have told you without hesitation that it is 365 days, except that by investigating the accuracy, the solar year is calculated by the number of its days through the earth’s rotation around the sun, so one cycle means the completion of a solar year and it takes exactly 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds… …… which is equivalent to 365.2435 days.
What did astronomers do with the 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds, which will keep piling up year after year?
They invented the leap year as a solution to the problem of the time compatibility between the Gregorian calendar and the astronomical cycle of the earth around the sun, by adding a full 24-hour day to the month of February every 4 years, but this was not ideal, as the calendar year will continue to exceed the solar year by 11 minutes and 14 seconds.
The accumulation of these minutes and seconds results in a new additional day every 131 calendar years, and this entails canceling the leap year once every 400 years, which helps reduce the time difference that occurs by half a minute in favor of the calendar year, which means that the year
After 3300 years, the solar system will lag behind the calendar year by one full day.
And had humanity not restricted itself to accurate calculation (despite the unscientific interventions of politics and the church) and to leap years about 750 years ago, the Gregorian calendar would have stopped matching the seasons in the end and the system that controls human life on earth would have been disturbed, so winter would come in the summer and spring months. In the winter months, etc.
On the other hand, the lunar year is defined as the period needed by the moon to complete twelve complete revolutions around the earth, each cycle being a lunar month, and the lunar year with accuracy of calculation
. 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, and 34 seconds
That is, there is a difference between the solar year and the lunar year of ten days, 16 hours, and 12 seconds, and the same thing that scientists did with the solar year they did with the lunar year so that the year and its days are set using astronomy and accurate calculations, but our Arab ancestors after the death of the Messenger refused to make events The arithmetic adjustments required in it, which made it inconsistent with the movement of the seasons, so the month of Rabi’ became, for example, whose date is spring, as its name says, it comes once in the winter and once in the summer, and the dates of the month of Ramadan and the dates of Hajj and other seasons were misaligned.
Without contemplation, the lunar months became dysfunctional, and the Hijri calendar became in which religious rituals do not coincide with the reality of their time cycle, and its benefit to human life has ceased.
Accuracy in arithmetic, and science has moved from years, months, and days, to hours, minutes, and seconds, and now humanity is moving to fractions of seconds in a world that is smaller than an atom and its components, and facts beyond imagination were discovered, but they were not brought closer to the human mind with the same simplicity of measures that humans understood through Date.
Einstein discovered the relationship of speed with volume and simply said that time is relative and not fixed, and that matter
Its size decreases as its speed increases, and if the body moves at the speed of light, its quantum existence ceases.
And I return to measuring the time that I started at the level of the movement of the earth, the sun and the planets, and I enter into the world of quantum and the movement of particles within the atom. We all know the second, but most of us do not understand a unit of time less than it!! Man knew all of this, beginning through his imagination, then his theories, then scientific proof of it and supported by what he invented of tools that monitor the movement of planets and stars, so he understood the rules of physics, and others that monitor the invisible subatomic matter, which is what is called quantum physics .. So it is necessary to verify the existence of things , then observe its movement, and then use units of time
To measure its speed relative to each other, to reach scientific results that had not occurred to humans before.
Here we understand the importance of the research work done by Dr. Zewail more than twenty years ago and won the Nobel Prize for it. Through it, he was able to photograph the interactions of material particles inside the atom and measure the speed of its movement, to prove the truth of what was a fantasy. In order to bring the matter closer to mind, as I read, let us imagine that we want to photograph a car that is not moving or moving slowly, so we need a regular camera that opens and closes its lens to take the picture, and because the car does not move or its movement is very slow, slower than the speed of opening and closing the lens
The camera while taking the picture, so its image appears.
But if what is required is to photograph a mouse running fast and not a static car, then here the camera must have two things: First, it must zoom in order to be able to photograph the mouse in its small size, and the speed of capturing the image must be faster than the speed of the mouse while it is running.
Easy and logical.
Zewail and his team invented a camera that can zoom in order to be able to photograph particles that do not occupy from the vacuum only one part of a billionth of a meter, or what is equal to a part of a millionth of a millimeter, which is what has become called a nanometer.
Rather, nanometers are divided into picometers, which is a thousand times smaller than nanometers.
Close your eyes, and let your imagination run wild!! ……
This particle that is photographed is moving inside the atom, so the camera lens, in order to capture it, must open and close at the speed of movement of what is being photographed. A femtosecond is a unit of time representing a million billion (quadrillion) part of a second, and the ratio between a second and a femtosecond is like the ratio between a second and 32 million years.
Now another Egyptian scientist also came (also at an American university), and another team of researchers came down to zoom the camera 1000 times closer than the zoom.
Zewail camera and thus was able to see the electron inside the atom, and because the electron moves at the speed of light approx
