What is the Truth? by Hossam Badrawi

What is the Truth?
By Hossam Badrawi

The experience of living in complete darkness is known by several names, with one of the most notable being the “Dark Retreat” — a spiritual and meditative practice used in some Buddhist and Taoist traditions. In this practice, a person lives in a completely dark room for several days to deepen their inner awareness and explore their consciousness away from external influences.

Another concept is “Sensory Deprivation”, a scientific and psychological experience where a person is isolated from sensory stimuli such as light, sound, and sometimes even touch, to study how the brain reacts in the absence of sensory inputs.

Some cultures use darkness therapy as a method to relieve stress and promote deep meditation. It is said to help restore emotional and neurological balance.

I once participated in a fascinating experiment where I met five strangers. We weren’t allowed to introduce ourselves before the experience.

The experiment involved entering a completely dark place (where the sense of sight disappears). We met and got to know each other without seeing one another, moving from room to room. Each room contained different objects that we explored by touch, our hands brushed against one another, and voices merged in our minds. We formed connections in this new framework.

The experience ended in a room where we ordered drinks and talked, and then sight was restored — revealing each other’s faces for the first time. Surprisingly, each of us had a different mental image of the others.

So, is truth tied to our senses? If so, does this mean that the entire universe depends on our sensory perception — that in the absence of those senses, the universe may not exist as we know it, neither in form nor substance?

What is Truth?

Truth appears to be neither purely fixed nor entirely relative — rather, it is a complex blend of both. Perhaps absolute truth exists, but our awareness of it is always subjective. This is the philosophical and existential challenge that humanity faces.

What seems like absolute truth in one historical moment can later be revealed as a mere approximation when new theories emerge. For example, gravity, once considered an absolute truth in Newton’s time, evolved with Einstein’s insights and now faces new challenges within quantum mechanics. This demonstrates that even scientific truth is relative, not absolute, yet it tends to get closer to the ultimate reality as knowledge advances.

I believe that self-awareness through the mind is humanity’s greatest gift — the miracle of consciousness and intellect.

Since the dawn of philosophy, humans have questioned the nature of existence and whether the world around us is truly real or merely an illusion shaped by our senses and mental perceptions. If all our knowledge relies on our senses, does that mean what we see is ultimate reality? Or is there a hidden truth beyond our perception?

Our five senses — sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell — are the tools humans use to understand the world. However, these senses are limited.

Even when we see, our vision is restricted to a certain range of the light spectrum (e.g., we can’t see infrared or ultraviolet rays). Similarly, our hearing only detects specific frequencies, while some animals can hear sounds we can’t perceive.

Plato believed the sensory world we experience is merely a distorted reflection of an ideal world of “Forms.”

Descartes doubted everything until he reached one certainty: “I think, therefore I am”, meaning that the mind is the path to discovering truth.

Kant distinguished between the “thing-in-itself” (reality as it truly is) and the “thing as we perceive it” (what reaches us through our senses and mind). This implies that true reality may differ from our perception, but our minds shape it in ways that enable us to engage with it.

Some theories suggest that the universe might be a mere “projection” of information from a higher dimension, meaning our senses only grasp a fraction of the truth.

Can the Mind Transcend the Senses?

If the senses are limited, can the mind comprehend absolute truth? Today, we can create virtual worlds that are indistinguishable from sensory reality, making us wonder: Is our current world itself a form of simulation?

Everything we know about existence is filtered through sensory and mental perception, and true reality may be far deeper than we imagine. Yet we have no direct means of accessing it except through intellectual and experimental tools.

The ultimate question remains: Can we ever transcend our sensory limitations and perceive reality as it truly is, or are we destined to remain prisoners of our limited perception?

What About the Truth of Creation?

When Darwin proposed his theory of evolution over billions of years, this scientific theory clashed with the religious beliefs of Christian, Jewish, and Islamic scholars, who interpreted their holy texts literally. The same resistance faced the idea that Earth is not the center of the universe or that our planet orbits the sun — concepts that scientific evidence eventually confirmed.

Interpretations are human-made, not sacred. Humanity must mature and accept that knowledge accumulates over time, rather than clinging to outdated interpretations of ancient texts.

The religious, philosophical, and scientific debate about the origin of humanity — symbolized in religion by Adam — raises key questions:

Was Adam created fully formed as we know him now? Some conservative thinkers insist this is true, rejecting evolution entirely. They believe that God directly molded Adam from clay and breathed life into him.

However, many contemporary thinkers, including some Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim scholars, view the Adam and Eve story as symbolic rather than literal.

Most traditional interpretations of human origins conflict with scientific discoveries, which has fueled conflict between science, philosophy, and religion throughout history. Increased knowledge may help bridge these gaps.

Genetic research has shown that changes in the male Y chromosome cannot be traced back to a single male ancestor. Conversely, mitochondrial DNA — passed from mothers to their children — suggests that all humans can trace their maternal lineage back to a woman who lived in East Africa around 250,000 years ago, known as “Mitochondrial Eve.”

This evidence indicates that modern humanity likely descended from a larger group rather than just two individuals like Adam and Eve. Genetic diversity requires a minimum of 50 individuals to ensure viable variation, and a population of at least 500 to prevent the loss of traits through genetic drift.

Given that not all individuals pass on their genes, researchers estimate that the earliest human population needed about 2,500 individuals to ensure the species’ survival — far from the traditional concept of two original humans.

This aligns with evolutionary theories, fossil records, and genetic evidence, but contradicts literal interpretations of the Adam and Eve narrative.

Furthermore, the span of 300,000 years is barely a second — or less — in the 14-billion-year history of the universe and Earth’s 4-billion-year existence. Humanity, with all its complexity, emerged only in the final fraction of this cosmic timeline.

In truth, we are not even a snapshot in the grand film of the universe — yet we believe the entire story revolves around us.

Perhaps the ultimate truth is that human arrogance blinds us to our insignificance in the cosmic scale — and maybe, just maybe, our existence is part of a vast, complex simulation.

In the end, the question remains as it began: What is truth?